material fr 4
FR-4 (Flame Retardant 4) is a composite material consisting of woven fiberglass cloth with an epoxy resin binder that is flame resistant. As the most widely used material in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, FR-4 has become the industry standard due to its exceptional combination of mechanical strength, electrical insulation properties, and cost-effectiveness. The material exhibits remarkable dimensional stability across varying temperatures and humidity levels, making it ideal for electronic applications. FR-4's core structure comprises multiple layers of glass fiber fabric impregnated with epoxy resin, creating a robust and reliable substrate. Its excellent electrical insulation properties, with a dielectric constant typically ranging between 4.2 and 4.8, make it suitable for high-frequency applications. The material maintains its structural integrity in temperatures up to 140°C and demonstrates impressive mechanical strength, with a tensile strength exceeding 50,000 psi. These characteristics, combined with its inherent flame-retardant properties that meet UL94 V-0 standards, make FR-4 an essential material in modern electronics manufacturing, from consumer devices to industrial equipment.